The Media Missionaries

ENDNOTES (CONTINUED)

CHAPTER 6: AFRICA

1 This country report is based largely on an Africa media analysis memo done for this project by Joan Mower of the International Broadcasting Board of Governors, former head of the Freedom Forum's international programs.

2 For example, Joy FM in Accra, Ghana, has a wide audience and is a money-maker. The Daily Nation empire in Kenya, owned partly by the Aga Khan, has long made a profit. Sud Communications in Senegal has a profitable newspaper, radio station, and Internet site, Mower said.

3 Mower, ibid.

4 Dapo Olorunyomi, who spoke at the World Bank Institute/USAID media policy brainstorming meeting in Washington. in October, 2001.

5 Susan Rice spoke to a meeting of Internews Regional Directors in October, 2001 in Washington, D.C.

6 WB/USAID brainstormer, ibid.

7 Daniel Akst and Mike Jensen, "Africa Goes Online," Carnegie Reporter, Spring 2001.

8 Ibid.

9 Ibid.

10 Carrington hosted the WB/USAID brainstormer.

11 Whayne Dillehay, email to author Dec. 19, 2001.

12 WB/USAID brainstormer, ibid.

13 Mower, ibid.

14 Dapo Olorunyomi, ibid.

15 This overview of Nigerian media is based on respected Nigerian journalist Dapo Olorunyomi's presentation to the WBI/USAID meeting, ibid. The Nigeria organizational analysis that follows is from Joan Mower.

16 Okali's quote, which appeared originally in the New York Times, is from the Internews 2000 annual report.

17 Whayne Dillehay, ICFJ.

18 This summary of OSI's work in Africa comes from OSI's 2000 annual report.

CHAPTER 7: THE MIDDLE EAST

1 "Israeli Soldiers Force Reporters Out of Ramallah," New York Times, April 6, 2002, p. A10.

2 It is awkward for Americans to complain about this, of course, since their own government has barred reporting of most U.S. military activities in Afghanistan.

3 Whayne Dillehay, interview with the author, Oct. 2001.

4 Daoud Kuttab, "Forced Off the Air in Ramallah," AMIN.net, April 6, 2002.

5 Al-Jazeera editor Hafez Al-Mizari spoke to the Nieman Foundation, Feb. 3, 2002.

6 David Hoffman, "Beyond Public Diplomacy," Foreign Affairs, March/April 2002, Vol. 82 No. 2.

7 Much of this section is based on Joel Campagna, "Overview: The Middle East and North Africa," CPJ, Attacks on the Press, 2001.

8 Hafez Al-Mizari, ibid.

9 Peter Johnson, "Al-Jazeera's Stature Is Rising" USA Today, Sept, 2001.

10 Zena Karam, "Arab journalists protest Al-Jazeera interview with Sharon," Associated Press, April 5, 2002.

11 Hisham Melhem, ibid.

12 Hoffman, ibid.

13 Ibid.

14 Ibid.

15 Ibid.

16 This analysis is based on comments by Hisham Melhem and Internews Middle East director Lauren Ross at the Internews regional directors' meeting, Oct. 2001, in Washington, D.C.

17 CPJ, ibid.

18 CPJ, ibid.

19 World Bank, World Development Report 2002, Ch. 10 (draft)

20 CPJ, ibid.

21 IPI Report, Fourth Quarter 1999.

22 CPJ, Attacks on the Press, 2001.

23 Ibid.

24 Ibid.

25 Ibid.

26 Ibid.

27 Lauren Ross, Internews regional directors meeting, October 2001.

28 CPJ, ibid.

29 Ibid.

30 Ibid.

31 Ibid.

32 Ibid.

33 Ibid.

34 Ross, ibid.

35 Ibid.

36 Ibid.

37 Many of these names came from the website of the Centre for Media Freedom Middle East and North America, London. The site has not been updated since 2000 so some of these people may no longer be at these contacts, particularly since the media crackdowns and new Israeli-Palestinian violence in 2002.

CHAPTER 8: ASIA

1 Whayne Dillehay of ICFJ, interview Oct. 2001.

2 As reported by ChannelNewsAsia.com and Lauren Ross, Internews.

3 David Hoffman phone interview with the author, April 1, 2002.

4 Reza goes by only one name.

5 Internews funding proposal to OSI, April 2, 2002.

6 Open Society Institute Central Eurasia Project policy statement: "Why Should Promoting Open Society Be a Part of U.S. Anti-Terrorism Policy in Central Asia?"

7 Ibid.

8 Anthony Kuhn, "China Phoenix Rises," The International Press Institute's IPI Reporter, Fourth Quarter, 1999.

9 Anthony Kuhn, "China: Internet Boom Changes Face of News," IPI Reporter, Third Quarter, 2001.

10 Ibid.

11 Ahmed Rashid interview in Internews Report, Spring 2002.

12 Reza goes by only one name.

13 Herbert Terry, visiting professor from Indiana University, at American University of Kyrgyzstan, in email to an Internews colleague, August, 2004.

14 Open Society Institute Central Eurasia Project policy statement: "Why Should Promoting Open Society Be a Part of U.S. Anti-Terrorism Policy in Central Asia?"

15 IFEX action alert, April 2, 2002.

16 Adele Lotus, "The Sound of Silence," CPJ's Dangerous Assignments, Summer 2001. Lotus is a pseudonym used by an Uzbek journalist.

17 Owais Aslam Ali interview with the author, March 8, 2002.

18 Kathleen Reen, Internews regional directors' presentation, October, 2001.

19 Kavi Chongkittavorn interview with the author, November, 2001.

20 Internews Report, Winter 2000-2001.

21 CPJ, Attacks on the Press, 2001 report.

22 World Bank Development Report 2002, Chapter 10: The Media (draft).

23 Ibid.

24 Ibid.

25 Kavi Chongkittavorn, "Press Freedom Under Attack," The Asia Wall Street Journal, March 19, 2002.

26 Ibid.

27 Ibid.

28 CPJ 2001 Annual Report.

29 Arnold Zeitlin email response to the author's query, Nov. 19, 2001.